Simulation results reproduced seasonal cycles and variation between terrain types well, demonstrating that GlobSim can support efficient land-surface simulations. We perform ensemble simulations of ground-surface temperature for 10 terrain types in a remote tundra area in northern Canada and compare the results with observations. The utility of GlobSim is demonstrated using an application in permafrost research. The resulting data have consistent structure and units to efficiently support ensemble simulation. We present the software toolkit GlobSim, which automates the downloading, interpolation and scaling of different reanalyses – currently ERA5, ERA-Interim, JRA-55 and MERRA-2 – to produce meteorological time series for user-defined point locations. This is because technical challenges limit the ease with which reanalysis data can be applied to models at the site scale.
Atmospheric reanalyses provide global coverage of relevant meteorological variables, but their use is largely restricted to grid-based studies. Corresponding observations, however, are unavailable in most locations, even more so, when considering the duration, continuity and data quality required. Rear-end accidents accounted for 5% of crash fatalities.Simulations of land-surface processes and phenomena often require driving time series of meteorological variables. Other types of accidents, mainly rollovers, accounted for 16% of fatalities, while side-impacts accounted for 25% of traffic fatalities. What type of car accident causes the most fatalities?īased on the data from the IIHS, frontal, or head-on, accidents accounted for 54% of all traffic deaths in 2015.
The passenger vehicle occupant fatality rate at nighttime is about three times higher than the daytime rate. One may also ask, how much higher is the risk of being in a fatal auto accident at night as opposed to during the daytime? Over 70 percent of the fatal crashes on roadways with speed limit of 55 mph or higher occur in rural areas. Likewise, at what speed do most traffic deaths occur? Slightly less than half (47%) of all fatal crashes occurring on roadways with speed limit between 45 and 50 mph are in rural areas. Knowing the dangers of speeding and why people speed can help keep you safe on the road. According to the Insurance Information Institute, nearly 17 percent of all traffic crashes in 2017 and 26 percent of all traffic fatalities were caused by speeding.
In respect to this, what percent of fatal crashes are caused by speeding?īut speeding is one of the most dangerous habits on the road. The relative proportion of speeding-related crashes to all crashes decreases with increasing driver age.
For drivers involved in fatal crashes, young males are the most likely to be speeding.
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